The Epi4K project began in 2011 as an international, multi-center study that seeks to identify and characterize the genetic bases of complex epilepsies. The Center without Walls Epi4K project includes three cores and four scientific projects, as well as a steering committee comprised of the primary study investigators and representatives from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). The three cores include: (1) The Administrative Core which handles the overall coordination of Epi4K activities; (2) The Sequencing, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core which is responsible for generating the next-generation sequence data, inferring the genetic variation in each of the study participants, and performing the primary analyses to identify epilepsy genes; and (3) The Phenotyping and Clinical Informatics Core which verifies and archives all the phenotypic data from each study participant. The proposed number of patients to be sequenced and analyzed in the scientific projects is a minimum of 4,000; thus the Center was named "Epi4K: Gene Discovery in 4,000 Genomes". Project 1 addresses the genetics of rare and severe childhood epilepsies, including <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs000654">epileptic encephalopathies</a> (infantile spasms and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome), and malformations of cortical development (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs001183">periventricular nodular heterotopia</a> and polymicrogyria). Exome and genome sequence data generated from DNA collected from patients will be screened for mutations (single nucleotide substitutions, small insertion-deletions, and copy number variations) that cause or contribute to the diseases. Project 2 is focused on genetic discovery in <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs001558">multiplex families</a>. This study will use next-generation sequencing to identify genomic variation that influences risk for common subtypes of epilepsy including idiopathic generalized epilepsy and nonlesional focal epilepsy. Project 3 seeks to identify genetic determinants of prognosis in patients with a range of epilepsy disorders. This study will study established epilepsy cohorts with well-characterized data on seizure outcome to look for relationships between genetic variation and pharmacological control of seizures. Project 4 will use next-generation sequencing data (exome and genome) to screen for epilepsy-associated copy number variation across all Epi4K projects using novel computational algorithms.

Epi4K: Gene Discovery in 4,000 Epilepsy Genomes

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