<p>Our principal goal was to determine the chromosomal locations of genetic variations associated with increased vulnerability to heroin dependence. This goal was attained by identifying specific DNA markers that are genetically linked to heroin dependence. We collected blood and diagnostic information (using a structured diagnostic interview) from 1230 people (sib-pairs) having DSM-IV defined heroin dependence as well as from their parents and other affected and unaffected siblings, when possible. Genotype and clinical data was archived using database software. We conducted a multipoint linkage analysis using the guidelines of Lander and Kruglyak to assert statistical significance, and followed up on regions of interest with a dense set of markers to evaluate candidate genes.</p>

Molecular Genetics of Heroin Dependence in China

Evaluation of OPRM1 variants in heroin dependence by family-based association testing and meta-analysis.

Genome‐wide linkage analysis of heroin dependence in Han Chinese: Results from wave one of a multi‐stage study

Genome-wide linkage analysis of heroin dependence in Han Chinese: results from Wave Two of a multi-stage study.