<p>Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by poor outcomes and novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Immune checkpoint blockade using CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking antibodies are a potential concept for reinstating a dormant graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect.This study investigated transcriptomic changes in biopsies obtained from patients who received immune checkpoint blockade for relapsed hematologic malignancy post-HSCT and elucidated transcriptional programs associated with successful reinvigoration of GvL. Differential gene expression analysis showed evidence of increased T cell infiltration in biopsies of responders to ipilimumab treatment and demonstrated shared gene programs between GvL and GvHD.</p>
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A Phase I/IB Study of Ipilimumab or Nivolumab in Patients With Relapsed    Hematologic Malignancies After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell    Transplantation

A Phase I/IB Study of Ipilimumab or Nivolumab in Patients With Relapsed Hematologic Malignancies After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Ipilimumab for Patients with Relapse after Allogeneic Transplantation.

A multicenter, phase I study of nivolumab for relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic transplantation.