<p>Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by poor outcomes and novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Immune checkpoint blockade using CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking antibodies are a potential concept for reinstating a dormant graft-versus-leukemia (Gvl) effect. This study investigated transcriptomic changes in biopsies obtained from patients who received immune checkpoint blockade for relapsed hematologic malignancy post-HSCT and elucidated transcriptional programs associated with successful reinvigoration of GvL. Differential gene expression analysis showed evidence of increased T cell infiltration in biopsies of responders to ipilimumab treatment and demonstrated shared gene programs between GvL and GvHD.</p>

Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Relapsed Hematologic Malignancy Post-HSCT

Ipilimumab for Patients with Relapse after Allogeneic Transplantation.

A multicenter, phase I study of nivolumab for relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic transplantation.

Molecular and cellular features of CTLA-4 blockade for relapsed myeloid malignancies after transplantation

Coevolving JAK2V617F+relapsed AML and donor T cells with PD-1 blockade after stem cell transplantation: an index case